Chapter 3
Phonology: The Function and Patterning
of Sounds
Chapter 3 Vocabulary
Introduction:
http://english.usu.edu/lingnet/CourDesc/phonolog.htm
Questions:
What
is phonology? How does it differ from phonetics?
How
does the phonological principle help solve the pronunciation learning problem?
After you read the answer by clicking here 
write
your opinion of what you think it means. ANSWER: By
splitting it into two problems, each one easier to solve.
Section 1: SEGMENTS IN CONTRAST
1.1 Minimal Pairs
http://www.stir.ac.uk/celt/staff/higdox/stephen/phono/course/ex10/ex10.htm
For more information on minimal pairs click here.
2. PHONETICALLY CONDITIONED VARIATION:
PHONEMES AND ALLOPHONES
2.1 Complementary Distribution
2.2 - 2.3 Phonemes and Allophones
http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/arts/linguistics/russell/138/feb3/allophon.htm
2.4 Canadian Raising
http://www.umanitoba.ca/linguistics/russell/138/sec3/vowel.htm
2.5 English Vowels
and Glides
2.6 Language-Specific
Patterns
Section 3. PHONETIC
AND PHONEMIC TRANSCRIPTION
Section 4. ABOVE
THE SEGMENT: SYLLABLES
Directions for setting
up syllables
Setting up Syllables:
Start with the vowel and work backwards. This will be the NUCLEUS
of the syllable. Before selecting the CODA always
look for the beginning of the syllable choosing as many consonants (or
as many sounds that work in the syllable) as are possible making "syllable-initial
consonant sequences." This is the ONSET. Find the onsets
for all nucleus' in the word.
(There are very few sequences with three consonants and all of them
begin with the letter "s." See the text for further identification of these
sequences.)
After all osets are identified , the remaining consonants will be the
CODA
of the syllable.
Please keep in mind that hyphenation rules are not the same as dictionary
syllabification rules
Syllable
Structure
**
See Website reference at the end of this page.
Section
5. FEATURES
5.1
Why we use Features
5.2
Features of English
Section
6. DERIVATIONS AND RULE ORDERING***
6.1
Derivations
6.2
Rule application
6.3
The Form and Notation of Rules
Section
7. REPRESENTATIONS
7.1
Assimilation and the Feature Hierarchy
7.2
Autosegmental Principles
7.3
Tonal Assimilation as a Representation
**
The following Websites have information on features, phonological relationships
between phonemes, the formation of phonological rules, and other material
related to this chapter. They also provide information on solving phonological
problems which you will need to solve the problem exercises at the end
of the chapter. In the 2nd site there are problem examples.
Read through these to see how they are solved before doing
http://people.biola.edu/faculty/petes/linguistics/phonology.htm
http://www.ling.udel.edu/idsardi/101/notes/phonology.html