The Harp and the Eagle--Susannah Ural Bruce
    The Harp and the Eagle:
Irish-American Volunteers and the Union Army, 1861-1865

by Susannah J. Ural
(formerly Susannah Ural Bruce)
Associate Professor of History
Sam Houston State University

New York University Press
November 2006
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In The Harp and the Eagle Susannah Ural Bruce examines the motivations and experiences of Irish-American volunteers in the Union Army during the American Civil War.  While there have been a number of works on particular Irish soldiers or units, Bruce is the first to offer a sweeping study of their service and the ideology behind it.  She argues that despite the diversity within the Irish-American Catholic population, their dual loyalties to the United States and Ireland explain their decisions to volunteer, to fight, and to continue or end their service.  When the Union cause supported their interests in Ireland and America, for example, large numbers of Irish Americans volunteered for the war and their families supported them. With the Emancipation Proclamation, the federal draft, and the staggering rise in casualties, however, they began to question, and in some cases, abandon, the Union war effort because they saw these changes as an attack on their families and futures in America and in Ireland.  Only by recognizing these competing loyalties, Bruce argues, can we hope to understand the relationship between Irish-American volunteers and the Union Army, and how these men, their families and their communities understood that service.  The Harp and the Eagle is grounded in extensive research in soldiers’ and civilians’ letters and diaries from U.S. and Irish archives, as well as church, military, and diplomatic records, and community newspapers.  The result is a study of war and society that travels between the battlefield and the home front to offer a better understanding of the dual loyalties that so powerfully influenced Irish-American volunteers and their service in the Union Army.

Endorsements for The Harp and the Eagle:

The Harp and the Eagle makes a great contribution to our understandingof the American Civil War and its impact on its participants. Bruce does more than simply look at the war as a military conflict; she uses her study to advance our understanding of how Irish in America during the 1860s transformed into Irish-Americans within their lifetimes.—  The Journal of American History

Bruce has provided us with an important, comprehensive book that clarifies a number of the misconceptions about Irish-American soldiers and civilians. It is eminently readable, well-structured, and impartial in its analysis....  The Harp and the Eagle will take its place as one of the most significant studies of ethnicity in the American Civil War to date.—  The Journal of Military History

This is a well researched and well presented work. It adds significantly to our understanding of both the Civil War as a national experience and of the Irish-American ethnic experience in the nineteenth century....  Susannah Bruce has done us an important service.”  — Irish Literary Supplement

“Bruce has adroitly plumbed the depths ... to give us ... an important contribution to the emerging genre of common soldiers' histories....  An overwhelmingly fine monograph.” —  Civil War Times Illustrated

The Harp and the Eagle ... moves easily between the battle front and the home front....  This book is a good choice for a reader seeking a broader and more balanced understanding of how the Civil War affected the Irish population in the North.” America's Civil War

“...anyone serious about their Irish-American history will have to get The Harp and the Eagle.” — Irish Echo

“ ... [a] remarkable and highly readable study....  Bruce's wide ranging study paints a complex and evocative picture of the network of alliances and experiences that animated Irish participation in the war effort. Recommended.” — Irish Voice

“Bruce explores with astute insight the complex web of political bonds and personal motivations that sent thousands of Irish Catholic soldiers into the ranks of the Union Army during the Civil War. Her smooth blending of social, religious, political, and military history makes clear that the comprehensive contribution of Irish Catholic Union soldiers in the Civil War deserves the broad and nuanced appreciation she presents.”

Carol Reardon, author of Pickett's Charge in History and Memory and President of the Society for Military History

“With remarkable sensitivity and acuity Bruce goes digging among the personal and public accounts of the Irish soldiers in the Union army and presents these soldiers, and their families and communities, on their own terms so that they emerge as real people conflicted and changed by the demands of war and the obligations of “community.” The result is a book of immediate interest.

Randall M. Miller, author of Union Soldiers and the Northern Home Front: Wartime Experiences, Postwar Adjustments

Full endorsement by Miller:  "Walt Whitman's famous caveat that anyone writing on the Civil War will never get the "real war" into the books does not hold true for Susannah Bruce's The Harp and the Eagle.  With remarkable sensitivity and acuity she goes digging among the personal and public accounts of the Irish soldiers in the Union army to find and reveal a variegated and vigorous Irish commitment to and understandings of the Union cause, Irish "nationality," faith, and honor, among several topics she essays.  Much has been written about individual Irish regiments, but until now no one has entered the larger compass of the Irish experiences in the war.    Bruce's book combines the "new military history," with its emphasis on the social, cultural, and political aspects of war, with a traditional respect for narrative and recognition that campaigns and battles were essential factors in making soldiers and deciding character.  She presents the Irish soldiers, and their families and communities, on their own terms so that they emerge as real people conflicted and changed by the demands of war and the obligations of 'community.'  The result is a book of immediate interest, for it redraws the profile of the Union soldier, redirects the discussion as to why soldiers fought, points to the centrality and volatility of questions of ethnic and religious identity that the war magnified for all 'Americans,' and invites comparisons with and dissections of other immigrant and ethnic groups' involvement in the war.  With all this, Bruce achieves the double feat of getting real Irish soldiers into the Civil War narrative and bringing the Civil War into the immigrant narrative.   After reading The Harp and the Eagle no student of the Civil War and American identity will ever leave the Irish soldier or the immigrant experience in the war on the historical margin again."  -- Randall M. Miller, Saint Joseph's University

“Through wide-ranging research, Susannah Ural Bruce moves us closer than ever before to a full understanding of the real experiences, in all their glory and horror, of ordinary Irish immigrant soldiers and their transatlantic communities and families during the American Civil War.”   

Kerby A. Miller, author of Emigrants and Exiles: Ireland and the Irish Exodus to North America

“A fine overview of the Irish participation in the Union War effort. Bruce describes how the Irish contested the memory of their participation in the conflict thereby highlighting the continued importance of the War to the Irish in the North far beyond 1865.”

David T. Gleeson, author of The Irish in the South, 1815-1877

 
The cover illustration comes from an early-twentieth-century postcard that Joe Gannon, managing editor of TheWildGeese.com, found in an antique shop in New York City.  The author offers her tremendous thanks to Joe for not only sharing this image, but also giving her the card in celebration of this project.


Click here to learn more about Susannah Ural's publications and awards