1. Chronique de Saint-Denys d'apres Dudo et Guillaume de Jumieges ["Chronicle of St. Denys based on Dudo and William of Jumieges"], Vol. III., p. 105. Translation in James H. Robinson, Readings in European History (New York, l904), Vol. I., pp. 169-170. After the famous siege of Paris in 885-886 the Northmen, or Normans as they may now be called, continued to ravage France just as they had done before that event. In 910 one of thcir greatest chieftains, Rollo, appeared before Paris and prepared to take the city. In this project he was unsuccessful, but his warri~rs caused so much devastation in the surrounding country that Charles tlle Sirmple, who was now king, decided to try negotiations. A meeting was held at Saint-Clair-sur-Epte where, in the presence of the Norman warriors and the Frankish magnates, Charlcs and Rollo entered into the first treaty looking toward a permanent settlement of Northmen on Frankish territory. Rollo promised to desist from his attacks upon Frankland and to become a Christian. Charles agreed to give over to the Normans a region which they in fact already held, with Rouen as its center and extending from the Epte River on the east to the sea on the west. The arrangement was dictated by good sense and proved a fortunate one for all parties concerned.

2. Robert was Odo's brother. "Duke of the Franks" was a title, at first purely military, but fast developing to the point where it was to culminate in its bcarer becoming the first Capetian king.