Lecture 1: Geographical Setting and Ancient History.
Terms: Paleolithic
Taiga Neolithic
Tundra Cimmerians
Central Asia Thracians
Ukraine Scythians
Siberia Sarmatians
Belorussia Cherson
Caucasus Phangoria
Urals Bosporan Kingdom
Dnieper Crimea
Don Goths (Visi-, Ostro)
Volga Huns
Caspian Avars
Baltic Khazars
Black Sea Bulgars
Aral
Lake Baikal
Outline:
I. Introduction.
II. Similarities in Russian & American History.
III. Differences in Russian & American History.
IV. Topography.
A) General Information.
B) Climate.
V. Geographic & Climatic Zones.
A) Desert & Semi-Desert.
B) Steppe.
C) Mixed Steppe & Forest
D) Taiga.
E) Tundra.
VI. Mountains.
VII. Rivers.
VIII.Early Settlement.
A) Paleolithic.
B) Neolithic.
IX. Steppe Peoples.
A) Social Organization.
B) Economy.
C) Government.
D)Culture.
X.Cimmerians (1000-700 B.C.)
XI.Scythians (700-200 B.C.)
XII.Sarmatians (200 B.C.-200A.D.)
XIII.Goths (200-350 A.D.)
XIV. Greeks (700 B.C.-350 A.D.)
XV.The Great Migrations
A) Huns (370-450 A.D.)
B) Avars (560-670 A.D.)
XVI.Khazars (620-950 A.D.)
XVII. Conclusions.
Lecture 2: The Origins of Russia: The Eastern Slavs & the Scandinavians.
Slavs (Venedi, Antes) Omelijan Pritsak Rurik
Varangians Byzantium Oleg
Rus (Ruotsi, etc.) Constantinople Igor
Khazars Islam Olga
Novgorod Damascus Sviatoslav
Kiev Bagdad Vladimir
Primary Chronicle Cordova Yaroslav
Constantine Porphyrogenitus
I. Slavs.
A) Origins.
B) Branches.
II. The Eastern Slavs Before 800.
A) Settlement.
B) Attempts at Amalgamation.
C) Relations with the Khazars.
III. The Varangians & the Kievan State.
A) Viking Activities(ca. 800-1000)
B) Their Role in Russian History.
IV. The Normanist Controversy.
A) Two Views.
B) Evidence.
C) An Attempt at Synthesis.
V. The Formation of the Kievan Principality.
A) The Sibling Civilizations of the Middle Ages.
1) Byzantium.
2) Islam.
3) Western Christendom.
B. The Pagan World of the Rus'.
A) Ruric (860-880).
B) Oleg (880-912).
C) Igor (912-945).
D) Olga (945-964).
E) Sviatoslav (964-972).
C. The Christianization of the Rus'.
A) Vladimir (980-1015).
B) Yaroslav (1019-1054).
Lecture 3: The State, Society and Culture of the Kievan Rus'.
Terms: Outline:
Novgorod Boyars Veles Byzantine
Kiev Druzhina Khors Kievan
Galicia White Clergy Mokosh Apophatic
Volhynia Black Clergy Rusalki Divine Liturgy
Suzdal Smerdy Svarog Icons
Vladimir Riadovichi Dazhbog Iconoclasm
Kniaz Zakupy Stribog Frescoes
Boyar Zholopy Metropolitan Epic Poems
Veche Izgoi Ecumenical Chronicles
Primogeniture Perun Chant Hagiography
Appanage
I. The Political Institutions of the Rus'Principalities.
A) The Prince & the Princes.
B) The Boyars (Nobility).
C) The Veche (City Assembly).
D) Governmental Cases in Point.
1) Novgorod.
2) Suzdal & Vladimir.
3) Galicia & Volhynia.
E) The Period of Divided Principalities.
II. Kievan Society.
A) Boyars.
B) Merchants & Craftsmen.
C) Clergy.
D) Urban Population.
E) Rural Population.
III. Kievan Economy.
A) Agriculture & Land Tenure.
B) Lumber, Hunting, Fishing,the Fur Trade & Beekeeping.
C) Crafts.
D) Domestic & Foreign Trade.
E)The Decline of Kievan Trade.
IV. Kievan Religion & Culture.
A) Pagan Religion and Culture.
B)Christian Religion & Culture.
1) Eastern Christianity.
2) Russian Christianity.
C) Impact of Byzantine Christianity upon Russian Culture.
V. Byzantium & Russia: Some Conclusions.
A) Cultural Adoption.
B) Innovation.
Lecture 4: The Dissolution of the Kievan State.
Terms: Outline:
Yaroslav Mongols Ming Dynasty
Iziaslav Temuchin Ilkhans of Iran
Pechenegs Ghengis Khan Temür
Polovtsi Yasa
Kumans Karakorum
Liubech Ye-liu Chu-Tsai
Tmutorakan Khorezm
Smolensk Kalka River
Vitichev Batu Khan
Vasilko Ogödai Khan
Preiaslav Guyük Khan
Vladimir Monomakh Kubilai Khan
Andrei Bogoliubski Jaghadai
Novgorod Möngke
Murom-Riazan Saray
Chernigov Astrakhan
Galicia-Volhynia Khazan
Polotsk-Minsk Tatars
Turov-Pinsk Yuan Dynasty
Kiev Kipchak
Vladimir-Suzdal Berke
A) The Dissolution of the Kievan State.
1) Period of the Civil Wars, 1054-1125.
a) Yaroslav's Succession System.
b) Civil disturbances.
c) Division of the Principalities.
2) The Steppe Peoples.
a) Pechenegs.
b) Polovtsi (Kumans).
3) Attempts at Unification, 1097-1125.
a) The Liubech Conference.
b) The Vitichev Conference.
c) Vladimir Monomakh.
4) Immediate & Long-term causes of Disintegration.
B)The Nomads, the Golden Horde & Russia.
1) The Kievan Rus & the Nomads.
2) The Rise of the Mongol Empire.
a) The Unification of the Mongol Tribes.
b) Eastern Conquests-China & Central Asia.
3) The Conquest of Russia.
a) The Battle of the Kalka River.
b) Strategy & Tactics.
c) Other conquests.
4) The Golden Horde.
a) Regional Khanates.
b) The Great Khanates.
c) Extent & Compositions.
5) Russia & the Golden Horde,1240-1340.
1) Destruction & Accomodation.
2) Indirect Rule.
6) The Weakening of the Tatar Yoke.
C) The Principalities Under Mongol Rule.
1) Novgorod and the Northwest
a) Novgorod--The City.
b) Novgorod--the State.
c) Novgorod--the Economy.
d) Novgorod--Foreign Relations.
2) Kiev, Volhynia, & Galicia.
a) Kiev: Decline & Destruction.
b) Galicia & Volhynia.
3) The Principalities of the Volga Mesopotamia.
a) Geographic Location and Settlement.
b) Economy of the Region.
c) Society.
d) Political Development.
e) Factors Behind Moscow's Ascendency.
Lecture 5: Religion and Culture under Foreign Domination.
Terms:
Michael of Chernigov Idiorythmic Saint's Lives
Roman of Riazan Nilus of Sora Military Tales
Theodore of Yaroslav Maxim Grek Ideological Works.
Alexander Nevsky Josef Volokamsk Afanasy Nikitin
Peter of the Horde Startsi Domostroy
Sergius of Radonezh Possessors Sophistic
Stephan of Perm Non-Possessors Znamenny Chant
Zirian (Zyrian) Strigolniki Macedonian School
Rostov Judaizers Cretan School
Valaamo Holy Fools Theophanes the Greek
Konev Cenobitic Andrei Rublev
Solovski Hesychasm Kremlin
Zagorsk Serbia Feofan Grek
Cistercians Bulgaria Iconography
Outline:
I. The Church Under Mongol Rule.
A) Destruction & Disruption.
B) Toleration.
C) The Churches View of Mongol Rule.
II. Church & State in the 14th/15h Cents.
A) The Galician Principality.
B) The Lithuanian Principality.
C) The Moscow Principality.
III. The Growth of the Church.
A) Missionary Activities.
B) Monastic Development.
C) Asceticism & Mysticism.
D) Seeds of Church Conflict..
IV. The Impact of the Tatar Yoke Upon Culture.
A) Literature.
B) Art and Architecture.
V.The Revival of Russian Culture.
A) Diffusion.
B) Literature.
C) Fine Arts.
D).Architecture
E) Music.
VI. Conclusions.
Lecture 6: The Third Rome: Moscow.
Terms:
Alexander Nevsky diaks
Daniel Alexandrovich Aftokrat
Iurii Danilovich Tsar
Ivan I Kalita Makari
Simeon the Proud Third Rome
Ivan II the Meak prikazi
Dmitrii Donskoi obrok
Vasilii I (Basil) barshchina
Vasilii II Shuiskii
Ivan III Glinskii
Iuri of Galicia Belskii
Vasilii Kosoi Anastasia Romanova
Dmitrii Shemiaka Diak Alexei Adashev
Avtokrat Priest Sylvester
Peter Prince Andrei Kurbski
Aleksei Zemskii Sobor
Isidore streltsi
Photius Kazan
Zoe (Sophia)Palaeologos Astrakhan
Tsar Livonian War
Gosudar oprichnina
pomestie zemshchina
Outline:
I. Moscow--The Patromony of the Danilovichi.
A) Kievan and Appanage Practice.
B) Muscovite Practice.
II. Succession of the Princes of Moscow.
A) Modification of Linear Succession.
B) Regencies.
C) Modified Primogeniture
D) Primogeniture becomes Stronger.
E) Succession system threatened.
III. Church-State Collaboration.
A) Metropolitian of Moscow.
B) Church Urges Muscovite Expansion.
C) Break with Constantinople & Autocephaly.
IV. Byzantinization of Muscovy.
A) Marriage of Ivan III.
B) Court Ceremonial.
C) Imperial Titles.
D) Third Rome Theory.
V. Foreign Policy
A) Decline of the Golden Horde.
B) Balancing Act.
C) Opening to the World.
VI. Muscovite Government in the 16th Century.A) The Tsar.
B) The Bureaucracy.
C) The Army.
VII. Muscovite Society in the 16th Century.
A) Boyars and Princes.
B) Service Gentry.
C) Merchants.
D).Peasants
VIII.Ivan IV "The Terrible".
A) Regency, 1533-1547.
B) Reforms, 1547-1564.
C) Repression, 1564-1584.
IX.Conclusions.
Lecture 7: THE TIME OF TROUBLES AND RECOVERY UNDER THE ROMANOVS
Terms:
Cossacks Pseudo-Dimitrii
voisko Marina Mniszek
bratsvo Dmitrii Trubetskoy
ataman (hetman) Kasimov Tatars
Ukraine Tushino
Zaporozhie Trinity Monastery
Don Karelia
Lublin Ivan Zarutsky
Brest-Litovsk Procopius Liapunov
Florence Dmitrii Pozharskii
Sigismund Kuzma Minin
Theodore Michael Romanov
Romanov Alexis I Romanov
Patriarch Job Vasa dynasty
Filaret streltsy
Astrakhan Ivan Zarutsky
Sviazhk Michael Romanov
Mari Philaret
Mordva Alexei Romanov
Udmurts Azov Fortress
Ostiaks Stenka Razin
Samoyeds Ukraine
Palaeoasiatics Zaporozhie
Stroganovs Lublin
Ataman Yermak Brest-Litovsk
Promyshlennik Theophanes
iasak Bohdan Khmelnitsky
Voevodas Hetman
streltsi Pereiaslavl
sotni(k) Donets
ostrog szlachta
zimovie Szjem
Tomsk Don Cossacks
Irkutsk Iaik Cossacks
Bering strait Terek Cossacks
I. The Time of Troubles and Recovery Under the Romanovs.
A) Factors in the Time of Troubles.
1) Succession Crisis.B) The Gentry and the Boyars.
2) The Peasants.
3) The Cossacks.
4) The Poles and the Swedes.
B) The Unfolding of the Time of Troubles.
1) Theodore I (1584-1598).
2) Boris Godunov (1598-1605).
3) Theodore Godunov (1605).
4) Pseudo-Dmitrii (1605-1606).
5) Vasilii IV Shuiskii (1606-1610).
6) Pseudo-Dmitrii II (1607-1610).
7) Vladislav of Poland (1610-1613).
C) Restoration Under the Romanovs.
1) Internal Consolidation
2) External Expansion.
E) The Spread of Muscovy.
1) Expansion Eastward.
a) Kazan and Astrakhan (1551-1556).
b) The West Siberian Khanate (1581-1585).
c) Further Siberian Expansion (1585-1689).
2) The Don Cossacks and Expasnsion Southwards.
a) The Voiskos.
b) Moscow's Don Cossack Policy.
c) The Cossacks at Azov (1637-1641).
d) Stenka Razin (1667-1671).
3) The Ukrainian Cossacks and Muscovy (1620-86).
a) Ukrainian Polish Animosity (1569-1620).
b) Bohdan Khmelnitsky and the Cossacks.
c) Cossack-Muscovite Alliance (1651-1667).
d) Partition of the Ukraine (1667-1682).
Lecture 8: Crisis in Society and Culture in 17th Century Muscovy.
Terms: Outline:
Stroganov Zealots Stroganov School
Perm skomorokhs Prokopii Chirin
Tula Karp Sutulov Simeon Ushakov
Olenets Philaret bratsvos
Urals Raskolniks Kievan Academy
Archangel Staroobriadtsy Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy
kustarnaia industriia` Skoptsy Iskander-Nestor
Nizhen Maxim Grek Ivan Kurbskii
Ottoman Paisions Ligaridis Juliana Lazarevskaia
Volga Likoudis Brothers Domostroi
Kazan Iurii Krizhanich Judge Shemiakin
Astrakhan Nikon Avvakum Petrovich
krestiane Ivan Neronov Stefan Vonifatiev
mir Dionisii of Zagorsk kabala
I.Changes in Economy and Society.
A) Economy in Muscovy
1) Agriculture.
a) Crops.
b) Land Tenure.
c) Livestock Breeding.
d) Forest Products.
e) Cottage Industries
2) Crafts and Manufacture.
a) Development of Manufacture.
b) Foreign Concerns.
1) Commerce.
a) Foreign Trade.
b) Domestic Trade.
B. Classes and the State.
1) Classes and the State.
2) Townspeople
3) Peasants.
II. Crises in Chruch and Culture.
C) The Orthodox Church Under Muscovy.
1) Church and State.
2) The Thuird Rome Theory.
3) Possessor vs. Non-Possessors
4) Relations with Greek and Eastern Churches.
5) The Uniate Movement.
D) Zealots and Reformers in the 17th Century.
1) The Zealots.
2) Leaders of the Movement.
3) Nikon's Reforms.
E) Schism.
1) The Zealot's Reactions to the Reforms.
2) Nikon's Response.
3) The Deposition of Nikon.
F) Muscovite Culture: Art and Architecture.
1) Continuity of Traditions.
2) Innovation and Western Influence.
G) Muscovite Culture: Education and Literature.
1) Development of Higher Schools.
2) New Literary Genres.
3) Foreign Impact upon Russian Literature.
4) Transformation of Traditional Culture.
H) Conclusions.
Lecture 9: FOREIGN EXPANSION AND DOMESTIC REFORMS UNDER PETER THE GREAT.
Terms:
Baltic Sea Ivan V
Sweden Alexei Romanov
Gustavus Sophia
Adolphus Peter I
Charles XII Evdokia Lopukhina
Poland Alexei
Lithuania Preobrazhenskoe
Ukraine Leib-Gvardie
Byelorussia streltsy
Nerchinsk Private Chancery
Azov Colleges
Black Sea Senate
Caspian Sea Guberniias
Batum Uezds
Pruth dolias
Estonia burgermeisters
Latvia oberfiscal
Poltava Oberprocurators
Nystadt Holy Synod
St. Petersburg service gentry
Outline:
I. Muscovy, Poland and Sweden-- The Triangle of Eastern Europe.
A) Sweden.
B) Poland.
C) Muscovy.
I. From Muscovy to Russia--Domestic Reforms.
A) Peter's Personality.
B) Domestic Reforms.
1) Military.
2) Naval.
3) Economic.
4) Administrative.
6) Ecclesiastical.
5) Educational
7) Social.
C) The Extent of Westernization.
III. From Muscovy to Russia--Foreign Policy.
A) Peter's Predessors
B) Expansion East--Siberia and China.
C) Expansion South.
D) Expansion West.
1) The Great Embassy.
2) The Great Northern War.
E) Russia Faces West.
IV. Conclusions. 1) The Ottoman Empire.
Lecture 10: THE SUCCESSORS OF PETER: POLITICS, SOCIETY AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS.
TERMS: OUTLINE:
Guards Regiments obshchina
Menshikov mir
Petr Tolstoy obrok
Osterman barshchina
Golitsyn Khiva
Dolgoruki Bukhara
Baltic Barons Kazakhs
German Party Bashkirs
French Party Kalmyks
High Privy Council Bering
E. J. Biron Kamchatka
B. C. Munnich A. Berstuzhev-Riumen
Sergei Saltykov Galicia
Grigorii Orlov Ukraine
Grigorii Potemkin Belorussia
Emelian Pugachev Volhynia
A. Radishchev Thadeus Kocsiusko
Kucuk Kainarci Jassy
Spiritual Regulation Kharkov
Feofan Prokopovich Lazarev
oberprocurator Zosimas
Khlysty Demidov
Skoptsy Akademiia Nauk
Molokans Mikhail Lomonosov
Dukhobors Gerhard Muller
Tikhon Zadonskii Gavril Derzhavin
Paisius Velichkovsky Denis Fonvizen
Philokalia Nikolai Novikov
Sava Jankovich Mikhail Shcherbatov
Vilno Grigorii Skovoroda
Dorpat Fyodor Volkov
Kazan Dmitrii Bortiansky
Moscow Ivan Polzunov
OUTLINE:
I. The Politics of the Imperial Court.
A) Catherine I Skravonskaia.
B) Peter II.
C) Anna of Courland.
D) Ivan VI.
E) Elizabeth
F) Peter III.
G) Catherine II.
H) Paul.
II. Internal Policies and Developments, 1725-1797.
A) Westernization.
B) The Gentry.
C) Serfdom.
III. Foreign Policy and Expansion.
A) The Far East and Central Asia.
B) Involvement in Europe
C) The Polish Question.
IV. Religion and Culture.
A) Religion.
1) Subjugation and Decline of the Church.
2) Government Control and Oppression.
3) Old Believers and Uniates.
B) Education.
1) Cadet Corps and Technical Schools.
2) Primary and Secondary Schools.
3) University.
4) Private Initiatives.
C) Arts and Sciences.
1) Pure Sciences.
2) Social Sciences.
3) Literature.
4) Fine Arts.
IV. Conclusions.
Lecture 11: THE ENIGMATIC TSAR: THE EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL POLICIES OF ALEXANDER I.
TERMS: OUTLINE:
Voltaire Estonia
Emigres Courland
Campo Formio Livonia
Venice Latvia
Naples Finland
Ionian Islands Slobozia
Malta Duchy of Warsaw
Egypt Oldenburg
Rhigas Pherraios Grand Army
Nelson Smolensk
Ushakov Borodino
Suvorov Vienna
Georgia Metternich
Mingrelia Michael Speransky
Bagration Nicholas Novosiltsev
Amiens Duma
Vorontsov Sjem
Dalmatia George Kankrin
Seniavin Alexis Arakchaev
Serbia Alexander Golitsyn
Kutuzov Alexander Shishkov
Austerlit Laibach
Friedland Masons
Tilsit Decembrists
Nesselrode Capodistria
Czartoriisky
I. Russia and the French Revolution, 1789-1796.
A) Catherine II and France.
B) The French Revolution and Russian Foreign Policy.
II. Russia and the Napoleonic Wars, 1798-1814.
A) Paul & the Anti-French Coalition, 1798-1801.
B) Alexander I and Napoleon.
C) The Peace of Tilsit, 1807-1812.
D) The Invasion of Russia and French Defeat.
VI. The Treaty of Vienna and Russia.
A) Alexander's Vision of Europe.
B) The Holy Alliance.
C) The Quadruple Alliance.
V. Alexander I: A Frustrated Reformer.
A) Character of Alexander.
B) Initial Reforms, 1801-1805.
C) Plans ofr a Constitutional Monarchy.
D) Later Internal Policies.
Lecture 12: RUSSIA UNDER NICHOLAS I.
TERMS:
Masons Czartoryiskii
Carbonari Paskevich
Philike Hetaireia Shevchenko
Alexander Ypsilanti Pale of Settlement
Decembrists Official Nationality
Pavel Pestel Kossuth
Nikita Muraviev Gulistan
Russkaia Pravda Turkmenchai
Duke Constantine Shamil
Fedor Kuzmich Muhammad Ali
Svod Zakonov Navarino
Third Section Adrianople
Benckendorf Unkiar Iskelessi
Congress Poland Crimean War
Uniate mir
Belorussians obshchina
Ukrainians chinovniki
Sevastopol slavophils
obrok westernizers
barshchina intelligentsia
I. The Decembrists.
A) Origins of Secret Societies in Russia.
B) The Goals of the Societies.
C) The December Uprisings.
II. Nicholas I: The Iron Tsar.
A) Cooption of the Decembrist Platform.
B) Autocracy and Oppression.
C) Suppression of Nationalities.
III. Nicholas I: The Gendarme of Europe.
A) Defender of Legitimacy.
B) Intervention in Europe, 1848.
C) Expansion in the Caucasus, C. Asia.
D) The Eastern Question.
IV. Russia Under Nicholas I: The Paper Giant.
A) Appearance of Power.
B) Autocracy and Oppression.
C) The Gendarme of Europe.
V. The Ills of Russian State and Society.
A) European Facade, Underdeveloped Foundations.
B) Unbalanced Society.
C) A Backward Economy.
VI. The Curse of Serfdom.
A) The Development of Serfdom.
B) Serfdom and Slavery.
C) The Institutions of Serfdom.
D) The Control of the Serfs..
VII. The Bane of the Bureaucracy.
A) Bloated Institutions.
B) Inefficiency.
C) Corruption.
D) Oppression.
VIII. The Search for Solutions.
A) Westernizers
B) Slavophils.
D) The Radical Intelligentsiia.
Lecture 13: Alexander II: Emancipation, Reform, and Radicalism.
TERMS:
V. Zhukovskii Valuiev
Maria of Hesse Golovnin
Sevastopol Zamiatin
Decembrists Reutern
Local Committees konstantinovtsy
Editing Commission Morskoi Sbornik
D. Lanskoi zemstvo
N. Miliutin Uprava
I. Rostovtsev Duma
A. Orlov Nihilism
A. Gorchakov Populism
A. Dolgoruki St. Simon
I. Samarin Mikhail Bakunin
V. Cherkassky Nikolai Chernyshevsky
Grand Duke Constantine Mikhail Loris Melikov
V. N. Panin Nikolai Dodroliubov
M. Kokorev D. V. Karakazov
A. de Tocqueville Vera Zasulich
A. Herzen Zemlia i Volia
Catherine Dolgoruki V Narod
Pan-Slavism Narodnaia Volia
OUTLINE:
I. The New Tsar.
A) Early Life and Character.
B) Settling the Crimean War.
II. The Move Towards Emancipation.
A) Committees and Nobles
B) In the Public Forum.
C) Forcing Through Emancipation.
D) The Emancipation Statutes.
III. Emancipation---The Yeast of Reform.
IV. The Spirit of Reform in the Government
A) The Ministries.
B) The Role of Grand Duke Constantine.
V. Legal Reforms.
A) Legal Equality.
B) Independence of the Courts.
C) The Judicial System.
VI. Administrative Reforms.
A) The Zemstvos.
B) Zemstvo Activities.
C) Town Dumas.
VII. The Educational and Censorship Reforms.
VIII. Military Reforms.
A) Removing Abuses.
B) Conscription.
C) Modernization.
IX. Economic Reforms.
A) The Treasury.
B) Transportation.
C) Banking.
X. The Social Impact of the Reforms.
A) The Decline of the Nobility.
B) The Growth of the Middle Class.
C) The Professional Class.
XI. Changes in the Intelligentsia.
A) Social Changes.
B) Ideological Changes.
XII. The Government and the Revolutionaries.
A) The Growth of Readicalism
B) The First Radical Circles..
C) Reaction and Repression.
D) The Populist Groups.
E) The Autocracy and Assassination.
VI. Conclusions.
Lecture 14: RUSSIA IN THE THROES OF CHANGE.
TERMS:
Zemstvo Baku Ionian Islands
Milhail Loris-Melikov Batum Schleswig-Holstein
Konstantin Pobedonostsev State Bank Central Asia
Duma Duma Banks Turkestan
Baltic Provinces Fergana Valley Alexander Battenberg
Estonia Lodz Ferdinand Saxe-Coeburg
Latvia Riga Dreikaisarbund
Privislianskii Kraii Kiev Kingdom of Naples
Vistula Kharkov Berlin
Armenians Oka Papal States
Georgians Straits Conventions Otto Von Bismarck
Pale of Settlement Danubian Savoy
pogroms Bessarabia Piedmont
Zemskii Nachalnik Bosnia-Herzegovina Khiva
Volga Moldavia Bokhara
Gulf of Finland Wallachia Transcaspia
St. Petersburg Bulgaria Amur
Moscow Eastern Rumelia Ussuri
Warsaw Montenegro Sakhalin
Nizhni Novgorod Othon (Otto) Kuriles
Urals William (George) Alaska
Donets Olga Manchuria
OUTLINE:
I. Political Reaction, 1882-1905
A. Impact of Alexander II's Assassination.
1) Revolutionary Anticipations.
2) Russian Public Reaction.
3) Successor's and State's Reaction.
B. The Policy of Reaction.
1) General Tenets.
2) State of Siege Measures.
3) Suppression of the Press.
C. Oppression of Nationalities.
1) Return to Nicholas I's Policies.
2) Russification.
3) Anti-Semitism.
D. Limitation of Autonomy.
1) Peasant Franchise.
2) Zemstvos
3) Justice.
II. Industrial and Agricultural Development, 1860-1905.
A. The Growth of Industry, 1860-1905.
1) Pre-Emancipation Industry.
2) Development of Transportation.
3) Growth of Banking and Credit.
4) Growth of Major Industries.
5) Factors in Industrial Growth.
B. Agrarian Crises, 1860-1905.
1) Emancipation and Land Tenure.
2) Population Growth.
3) The Commune and Agricultural Backwardness.
4) The Burden of the Peasantry.
5) Famine and Uprisings.
C. The Growth of and Urban Industrial Class.
1) Percentage of the Population.
2) Labor and Living Conditions.
3) Organization of Labor.
4) Labor Legislation.
III. Foreign Policy and Imperialism, 1860-1905.
A. Foreign Policy Under Alexander II.
1) The Peace of Paris, 1856.
2) Franco-Russian Rapproachment.
3) The Unification of Germany.
4) Eastern Expansion
5) The Eastern Crisis, 1876-1878.
B. Foreign Policy Under Alexander III.
1) The Three Emperor's League, II.
2) The Afghan Border Dispute, 1885-6.
3) The Bulgarian Crisis, 1885-86.
4) The Franco-Russian Entente.
IV. Conclusions.
Lecture 15: THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN CULTURE AND THOUGHT, 1800-1905.
TERMS:
Dmitrii Levitsky Goethe Sophia Kovalevskaia
V. Borovikovsky Proudhon Dmitrii Mendeleyev
Orest Kiprensky Feuerbach Alexander Kovalevskii
Simeon Shchedrin Hegel Ivan Sechinov
Karl Brullov Westernizers Fyodor Dostoyevskii
Alexander Ivanov Slavophils Ivan Turgenev
Pavel Tretiakov Petr Chadaaev Leon Tolstoy
Michael Glinka Ivan Kirievsky Anton Chekhov
Nikolai Lobachevksy Alexei Khomiakov Maxim Gorky
Alexander Pushkin Konstantin Aksakov Symbolists
Nikolai Karamzin Vissarion Belinsky Alexander Blok
Michael Lermontov Alexander Herzen Andrei Belyi
Nikolai Gogol Mikail Bakunin Michael Glinka
Ivan Turgenev Nikolai Chernyshevsky Modest Mussorsky
Fyodor Dostoyevsky Intellegentsiia Michael Borodin
Leon Tolstoy Ivan Aksakov Nikolai Rimskii-Korsakov
Schiller Pan-Slavism Petr Tschaikovsky
Avant-Garde Nikolai Lobachevsky
gymnasia Pavel Chebyshev
OUTLINE:
I. Russian Culture, 1800-1860.
A) Bufurcation of Russian Culture.
B) Between East and West.
C) National Russian Culture.
II. The Development of Russian Culture.
A) Russian Art.
B) Russian Music.
C) Russian Science.
D) Russian Literature.
III. Russian Thought and Political Opposition.
A) The Russian Intellectuals and Europe.
B) The Westernizers.
C) The Slavophils.
D) Their Successors.
E) Radical Intelligentsiia.
F) Pan-Slavism.
G) Others.
I. Development of Russian Culture to 1860.
II. Education.
A) Elementary.
B) Secondary.
C) Higher.
III. Science
IV. Societies and Publications.
V. Art.
VI. Music.
VII. Conclusions
Lecture 16: POLITICAL OPPOSITION AND THE REVOLUTION OF 1905
TERMS: OUTLINE:
Zemstvo Union Sergei Witte
Osvobozhdenie (Liberation) Manchuria
Beseda (Conversation) Liantung
Revoliutsionernaia Rossiia Korea
profsoiuzy Port Arthur
Iskra (Spark) Vladivostok
Vasilii Maklakov Mukden
Dmitrii Shipov Tsushima
Pavel Miliukov Portsmouth
Georgyi Plekhanov Sakhalin
Petr Struve Zemstvo
Vladimir Ulianov (Lenin) Dmitrii Shipov
Leon Bronstein (Trotsky) Pavel Miliutin
Octobrist Party Prince Petr Mirsky
Constitutional Democrats (KADETS) Father Georgyi Gapon
Socialist Revolutionaries (S.R.'s) Potemkin
Social Democrats (S.D.'s) profsoiuzy
Mensheviks Soiuz soiuzov
Bolsheviks soviets
Nicholas II Georgyi Khrustalev
Alexandra Constitutional
Alexis Democrats (KADETS)
Rosa Luxemberg Octobrists
Leon Trotsky October Manifesto
S. V. Zubatov
V. K. Plehve
OUTLINE:
I. The Revival of Opposition, 1894-1914.
A) Political Inactivity, 1883-1894.
B) The Opposition Coalesces, 1894-1905.
C) Forms of Oppositional Activity.
II. The Liberals.
A) Neo-Slavophils.
B) Right Liberals.
C) Left Liberals.
D) The Kadets and Octobrists.
III. The Populists.
A) Revival in the 1890's.
B) Debates with the Marxists.
C) The Social Revolutionaries.
IV. The Marxists.
A) Marx and Russia.
B) Reception in Russia.
C) Legal Marxists.
D) Economists.
E) Bolsheviks and Mensheviks.
V. Nicholas II as Tsar.
A) Character.
B) Policies.
VI. Opposition and Unrest, 1894-1904.
A) Nationalities.
B) Working Class and Labor Unions.
C) Students.
D) Peasants.
E) Liberals.
VII. War in the Far East.
A) Imperial Interests
B) Russo-Japanese Rivalry.
C) Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905.
VIII. Revolution.
A) Prelude.
B) Bloody Sunday.
C) Upheavals.
D) October Manifesto.
IX. Conclusions.
Lecture 17: THE DUMA AND THE AUTOCRACY.
TERMS: OUTLINE:
Gosudarstvennaia Duma Young Turk Movement
State Duma Macedonia
Reichtag Dobrudja
Imperial State Council Liman Von Sanders
zapros Kriegschulfrage
interpellation Crete
KADETS Aegean
Trudov'ki Franz Ferdinand
A.F. Aladin Gavrilo Princip
Octobrists Tannenberg
S.D.'s Mazurian Lakes
S.R.'s Carpathians
Polish Kolo Trebizond
Petr' A. Stolypin Gallipoli
Enclosure Roman Dmowski
Grigorii Rasputin Josip Pilsudski
Bosnia-Herzegovina Epirus
I. The Duma and the Autocracy
A. Abridgement of Promised Reforms.
1) Civil Liberties.
2) Suffrage.
3) Legislature.
B. The First and Second Dumas, 1906-1907.
1) The First, April-July 1906.
2) The Second, February-June 1907.
C. The Prime Ministership of Stolypin.
1) Electoral Laws.
2) The Stolypin Reforms.
3) The Third Duma, 1907-1913.
II. Russia and the First War.
A. Russia and the Balance of Power, 1905-1914.
1) The Alliance System of Europe.
2) The Bosnian Annexation Crisis, 1908.
3) The Balkan Wars, 1912-1913
B. Russia and the Outbreak of the War.
1) Austria, Bosnia and Serbia.
2) The Alliance System and the War.
C. The Conduct of the War.
1) The Galician Front
2) The Prussian-Polish Front.
3) The Caucasus Front.
4) Russia and the Allies
D. The Affects of the War.
1) Economic.
2) Social.
3) Political.
III. Conclusions.
Lecture 18: THE FEBRUARY AND OCTOBER REVOLUTIONS.
Terms:
Georgyi Lvov \
Pavel Miliukov
Alexander Kerenski
Social Democrats
Bolsheviks
Mensheviks
Socialist Revolutionaries
Soviets
Petrograd Soviet
Order No. 1
Constituent Assembly
Pavlovskii Guards Regiment
Kronstadt Naval Base
Avrora
Riga
Vladimir Lenin
Leon Trotsky
Lavr Kornilov
Politburo
Red Guard
Taurida Palace
Outline:
I. Toward the February Revolution.
A. Deteriorating War Effort.
1) Casualties.
2) Stalemate and Defeat.
3) Restiveness in the Armed Forces.
B. Scandal and Political Instability.
1) The Tsar and His Family.
2) The Ministries.
3) The Duma.
C. Economic and Social Distress.
1) War's Affect on the Economy.
2) Unrest in Town and Country.
D. The February Revolution.
1) The Closing of the Duma.
2) The Food Riots and the Military.
3) The Abdication and the Formation of the Provisional Government.
II. The Provisional Government and the Soviets.
A. The Two Centers of Power.
1) The Provisional Government.
2) The Soviets.
B. The Bolshevik Program.
1) Slogans: Peace, Land and Bread.
2) Soviet Power.
3) Agitation and Propaganda.
C. Government Crises.
1) Breakdown of Coaltions.
2) Military Failure.
3) The July Uprising.
4) Kornilov Affair.
5) Breakdown of the Armed Forces.
D. Accomplishments of the Provisional Government.
1) Political.
2) Social.
3) Economic.
E. The Coming of October-Why the Bolsheviks Won.
1) Weakness of Provisional Government.
2) Disunity of Opposition.
3) Slogans.
4) Coup d'Etat.
III. The Bolsheviks in Power.
A. The Immediate Affects of the Revolution.
1) The Countryside.
2) The Towns.
3) The Armed Forces.
4) The Nationalities.
B. Consolidation of Power.
C. Revolutionary Enactments.
D. Internal Crises.
IV. Conclusions.
Lecture 19: THE CIVIL WAR, THE N.E.P. and the Origins of Totalitarianism
TERMS: SOVNARKOM Ufa
CHEKA Omsk
Rada Alexander Kolchak
Transcaucasia Bela Kun
Georgia Grigorii Semionov
Armenia Nikolai Iudenich
Azerbaijan Petr Wrangel (Vrangel)
Czechoslovak Legion Josip Pilsudski
Brest-Litovsk Lavr Kornilov
Murmansk Cordon Sanitaire
Archangel Nestor Makhno
Vladivostok Curzon Line
Peter Krasnov Symon Petliura
Anton Denikin Latvia
Evgenii Miller Lithuania
Petr Vologodskii Estonia
Victor Chernov Finland
Bessarabia Kronstadt
War Communism Georgia
Kronstadt Armenia
New Economic Policy Turkmenistan
Nepmen Tadzhikstan
Union Republics Azerbaijan
Autonomous Republics Presidium
Autonomous Regions Congress of Soviets
R.S.F.S.R. Tikhon
U.S.S.R. Uzbekistan
Ukraine Turkmenistan
Belorussia Tadzhikstan
Transcaucasia
I. The Bolsheviks in Power.
A) Consolidation of Power.
B) Revolutionary Enactments.
C) Internal Crises.
II. Intervention and Civil War - Phase One.
A) Allied Motives.
B) Red and White Forces.
C) Internal and External Factors.
III. Intervention and Civil War - Phase Two.
A) The Red Tide in Europe.
B) The End of White Forces.
C) The Soviet Polish War.
VI. War Communism and N.E.P.
A) Economic Crises and Bolshevik Measures.
B) Resistance to War Communism.
V. The End of the Civil War and the N.E.P.
A) Casualties.
B) Losses--Economic and Social.
C) Kronstadt Rebellion.
D) The New Economc Policy.
VI. Political Changes.
A) The Nationalities.
B) The New Constitution.
C) The Administration.
VII. The Social Affects of the Revolution.
A) Family and Social Relations.
B) Religion.
C) Education.
VIII. Conclusions.
Lecture 20: THE RISE OF STALIN THE FIVE-YEAR PLANS, AND THE TERROR.
TERMS: G. L. Piatikov Troika
G. Zinoviev Secretariat
L. Kamenev Alexei Stakhanov
Nikolai Bukharin bedniaks
Iosif Stalin seredniaks
Simbursk kulaks
Ulianovsk Kolkhoz
Leningrad Sovkhoz
TERMS: kritika OGPU
samokritika Ukraine
donatism NKVD
Trotskyite Nikolai Yezhov
chinovnik Yezhovshchina
apparatchik Oprichnina
cheka Vozhd
OUTLINE:I. The Struggle for Succession.
A) Lenin's Illness and Death.
B) Candidates and Factions.
C) Stalin's Ascendency.
II. The Five-Year Plans.
A) Industrialization.
B) Collectivization.
III. The Foundations of Stalinism..
A) The Party.
B) The Secret Police.
C) The Unions and the Army.
IV. The Great Purges and the Terror.
A) Purposes.
B) Methods.
C)Camps and Executions.
D) Planned Famine.
V. The Constitution of 1936.
A) The Rights.
B) State Organization.
C) Judicial System.
D) Federalism, and Nationality.
VI. Conclusions.
Lecture 21: THE SOVIET UNION AND THE SECOND WORLD WAR
Terms: Outine:
Brest-Litovsk Vorovsky
Condone Sanitaire Sudetenland
Non-Agression Pacts Rhineland
Genoa Conference Czechoslovakia
Rapallo Ethiopia
Lausanne Munich
Locarno Molotov
Kellogg-Briand Pact Ribbentrop
Maxim Litvinov Curzon Line
Comintern Estonia
Popular Front Latvia
Spanish Civil War Lithuania
International Brigades Bessarabia
Leningrad Internationale
Donets Dmitrii Donskoi
Maikop Kursk
Baku Kharkov
Tsaristyn Dnieper
Stalingrad lebensraum
Volgograd herrenvolk
Georgyi Zhukov untermenschen
Yenikal Andrei Vlasov
Kerch Partisans
Taman Lend Lease
kolkhoz Urals
Teheran Churchill
Roosevelt Clement Atlee
Harry S Truman Second Front
Yalta Potsdam
Arkhangel Murmansk
I. The Goals of Soviet Foreign Policy, 1921-1928.
A) Spread of Revolution.
B) Security of the Revolution.
C) Recognition and Aid.
II. The Conduct of Foreign Policy Under Stalin, 1928-1936.
A) Dual Policy.
B) Attempts at Collective Security.
C) Popular Front.
III. The Soviet Union and the Rise of Nazism, 1936-1941.
A) Agression and Appeasement.
B) Attempts at Collective Security.
C) The Molotov-Ribbentrop Agreement.
D) Nazi-Soviet Cooperation.
IV. The Coming of War, 1939-1941.
A) Uneasy Peace.
B) The Soviet Military.
C) The German Invasion.
V. Galvanizing the Home Front.
A) Economic Policy.
B) Political and Social Policy.
VI. Toward Victory.
A) Conventional War.
B) Unconventional War.
C) Diplomacy
VI. Conclusions.
Lecture 22: POST-WAR POLICIES UNDER STALIN.
Terms: Outine:
"Elder Brother" Lithuania Yugoslavia
Volga Germans Estonia Albania
Crimean Tatars Sakhalin C.M.E.A.
Kalmyks Kuriles Comecon
Chechens Kars Cominform
Karelia Ardahan Warsaw Pact
Sub-Carpathia Poland Azerbaijan
Bukovina Czechoslovakia Truman Doctrine
Bessarabia Romania Marshall Plan
Latvia Hungary Korea
I. Post-War Internal Affairs.
A) Destruction and Losses.
B) Economic Policy.
C) Political and Social Policy.
II. Post-War External Affairs.
A) Expansion of the Soviet Union.
B) Domination of Eastern Europe.
C) Origins of the Cold War.
D) Confrontations
III. Conclusions.
Lecture 23: THE COLD WAR
Yalta Josif Broz Tito Algeria
Potsdam Greek Civil War Decolonialization
Demobilization East Germany Arab-Israeli Conflicts
United Nations Hungary Iran-Iraq War
Cold War Poland India
Allied Control Yugoslavia Pakistan
Commisssions Croatia Advisors
Chinese Civil War Bosnia Special Forces
Korean War Slovenia Vietnam
Atomic Bomb Serbia Cuba
Kiloton Montenegro Cyprus
Hydrogen Bomb Macedonia Northern Ireland
Missles Bulgaria Nicarauga
Supersonic Kossovo Mozambique
Weapons systems Romania Angola
Heavy armor Moldova Namibia
Stategic/Tactical Ukraine South Africa
nuclear arms Belorussia West Morocco
Balance of terror Armenia Philippines
Proliferation Azerbaijan Indonesia
Truman Doctrine Afghanistan Ethiopia
Cominform National Liberation Sudan
NATO Cambodia Yemen
Warsaw Pact Juntas Lebanon
Chad Indo-China Malaya
Intifada Central Asia
I. The Super Powers.
A. United States.
B. Soviet Union.
II. The United Nations.
A) Founding and Charter.
B) General Assembly.
C) Security Council.
C) Other Components.
D) Strengths.
E) Weaknesses.
F) Agencies.
III. Nuclear Threat.
A) The Atom Bomb
B) Soviet-American Rivalry.
C) The Hydrogen Bomb.
IV. Europe in Shambles.
A) Casualties
B) Displaced persons and refugees.
C) Economic Destruction.
D) Economic Misery.
V. A Divided Germany.
A) Yalta.
B) The German State Treaty & the Two Germanies.
C) The Nuremberg trials.
VI. A Divided Europe.
A) The Eastern Bloc Emerges.
B) Tito and Yugoslavia
C) The "Iron Curtain."
D) The Truman Doctrine.
E) The Berlin Airlift.
F) Western Europe and the Marshall Plan.
VII. Opposing Defense Alliances.
A) The NATO alliance.
B) The Warsaw Pact.
VIII. The Eclipse of the European Powers.
A) The rise of the Super Powers.
B) The Division of Europe.
C) Soviet Expansion and Western Response.
D) Loss of Colonial Power.
IX. The Military Stakes of the Cold War.
A) The growth of strategic and tactical nuclear arms.
B) delivery systems.
C) Armed forces and the Balance of Terror.
D) Social and Economic Affects.
X. Conflicts and Problems Outside of Europe.
A) Decolonialization and "National Liberation Wars".
B) International Conflicts in the Developing World.
C) The Role of the Military in the Third World.
D) The Problems of Underdevelopment.
E) Models of Development--Central and Market.
F) Europe as a Paradigm.
XI. Changes and Problems in the Late Twentieth Century.
Lecture 24: THE SOVIET UNION SINCE STALIN, 1953-1985.
TERMS: OUTLINE:
Troika Izvestiia
Triumverate Pravda
Viacheslav Molotov kolkhoz
Nikolai Bulganin sovkhoz
Nikita Khrushchev samizdat
Lavrentyi Beria Monolithism
Anastas Mikoyan Polycentrism
Leonid Brezhnev revisionism
Aleksei Kosygin non-alignment
Nikolai Podgornyi detente/coexistence
Iuri Andropov Andrei Gromyko
Nikolai Chernenko Mikhail Gorbachev
I. Soviet Politics Since Stalin.
A) Succession.
B) Destalinization.
C) Restalinization.
D) Gerontocracy.
E) Strains to the System.
II. Internal Affairs Since Stalin.
A) Economic Policy.
B) Social Policy.
C) Education and Science.
D) Cultural and Religious Policy.
III. External Affairs.
A) Relations with the West.B) The Soviet Bloc.C) The Developing World.IV. Conclusions.
Lecture 25: SOME CONCLUDING THOUGHTS: NEW REALITIES, NEW PERCEPTIONS.
I. Recent Name Changes.
II. Between East and West.
A) Medieval Russian Culture.
B) Medieval Russian History.
C) Westernization Under Peter I. III. Problems of Westernization and Modernization.
A) State.
B) Society.
C) Economy.
D) Culture.
III. The First Developing Country.
A) Emancipation and the Agrarian Problem.
B) Industrialization and Social Problems.
IV. The Last Empire.
A) The Russian Empire.
B) Expansion West.
C) Expansion South.
D) Expansion into Central Asia.
E) Expansion in East Asia.
F) Survivor of Multinational Empires.
V. The Revolutionary Tradition.
A) The Decembrists.
B) The Narodniks.
C) The Marxists.
VI. The Pendulum of Reform and Repression.
A) Repression Under Nicholas I. (1825-1856)
B) Reform Under Alexander II. (1856-1882)
C) Repression Under Alexander III and Nicholas II. (1882-1905)
D The Revolution of 1905 and Duma Reforms. (1905-1914)
E) War and Revolution. (1914-1917)
F) Civil War and War Communism. (1917-1921)
G) The New Economic Policy. (1921-1928)
H) The Stalin Era. (1928-1953)
I) Interregnum, Khrushchev and the First Thaw. (1953-1964)
J) Brezhnev and Gerontocracy. (1964-1985)
K) Gorbachev Restructuring and Openness. (1985-1991)
L) The Putsch and Democratic Revolution. (1991)
M) Commonwealth and and Uncertain Future. (1991-?)