I mentioned in the relation of the former vear[1698] the Tsar's coming out
of his own country - on which I will now enlarge. He came this winter over
to England and stayed some months among us. I waited often on him, and was
ordered both by the king and the archbishop and bishops to attend upon him
and to offer him such informations of our religion and constitution as he
was willing to receive. I had good interpreters, so I had much free discourse
with him. He is a man of a very hot temper, soon inflamed and very brutal
in his passion. He raises his natural heat by drinking much brandy, which
be rectifies himself with great application. He is subject to convulsive
motions all over his body, and his head seems to be affected with these.
He wants not capacity, and has a larger measure of knowledge than might
be expected from his education, which was very indifferent. A want of judgment,
with an instability of temper, appear in him too often and too evidently.
He is mechanically turned, and seems designed by nature rather to be a ship
carpenter than a great prince. This was his chief study and exercise while
he stayed here. He wrought much with his own hands and made all about him
work at the models of ships. He told me he designed a great fleet at Azuph
[i.e. Azov] and with it to attack the Turkish empire. But he did not seem
capable of conducting so great a design, though his conduct in his wars
since this has discovered a greater genius in him than appeared at this
time.
He was desirous to understand our doctrine, but he did not seem disposed
to mend matters in Moscovy. He was, indeed, resolved to encourage learning
and to polish his people by sending some of them to travel in other countries
and to draw strangers to come and live among them. He seemed apprehensive
still [i.e. ever] of his sister's [i.e. the Princess Sophia's] intrigues.
There was a mixture both of passion and severity in his temper. He is resolute,
but understands little of war, and seemed not at all inquisitive that way.
After I had seen him often, and had conversed much with him, I could not
but adore the depth of the providence of God that had raised up such a furious
man to so absolute an authority over so great-- a part of the world. David,
considering the great things God had made for the use of man, broke out
into the meditation, " What is man, that thou art so mindful of him?
" But here there is an occasion for reversing these words, since man
seems a very contemptible thing in the sight of God, while such a person
as the Tsar has such multitudes put, as it were, under his feet, exposed
to his restless jealousy and savage temper.
He went from hence to the court of Vienna, where he purposed to have stayed
some time, but he was called home sooner than he had intended upon a discovery,
or a suspicion, of intrigues managed by his sister. The strangers, to whom
he trusted most, were so true to him that those designs were crushed before
he came back. But on this occasion he let loose his fury on all whom he
suspected. Some hundreds of them were hanged all around Moscow, and it was
said that he cut off many heads with his own hand ; and so far was he from
relenting or showing any sort of tenderness that he seemed delighted with
it. How long he is to be the scourge of that nation God only knows.